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W. STROUDLEY 8: E. J. HOUGHTON. APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING 0N RA N0. 288,888.

ILWAY TRAINS. Patented Nov. 20, 1883;

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 W. STROUDLEY 8: E. J. HOUGHTON.

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING 0N RAILWAY TRAINS. No. 288,888. Patented Nov. 20, 1888.

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W. STROUDLEY & E. J. HOUGHTON.

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING ON RAILWAY TRALNS.

No. 288,888. Patented Nov. 20, 1883.

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W. STROUDLEY 85 E. J. IIOUGHTON.

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING ON RAILWAY TRAINS.

Patented Nov. 20, 1883.

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APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING 0N RAILWAY TRAINSx N0. 288,888. Patented Nov. 20, 1888.

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war m e y, or BRIGHTON, COUNTY OF SUSSEX, AND EDWARD JoHN rro eriroN, OF PECKHAM, COUNTY OF SURREY, ENGLAND.

f APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING ON RAILWAY-TRAINS.

:SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,888, dated November 20, 1853. Application filed September 3, 1583. (No model.) Patented in Englandhlay 523, 1853, No.2,579.

1 0. all whomit may. concern -,;Beit known that we, WILLIAM SrRoUDLEY, engineer, aIiClmEDWARD JOHN HOUGHTON, electrical engineer, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, and residing, respectively, at Brighton, in the county of Sussex, England, and 1 Pilkington Road, Peckham, in the county of Surrey, England, have invented certain Improvements in Means and Apparatus for IO Electric Lighting on RailwayTrains and other Vehicles, also partly applicable for the production and distribution of electric currents generally,(forwhich we have obtained a patentin Great Britain, No.2,57 9, dated May 23, I 5 18.83,),of: which the following is a specifica- Our invention relates, mainly, to improved means and apparatus for electric lighting on railway-trains and other vehicles by means of dynamoelectric or magneto-electric machines and electric accumulators, reservoirs, or secondary batteries, the dynamoelectric machines being driven by the motion of the train, and thus made to charge the accumulators from which the'el'ectric lamps are supplied.

NVe will describe our invention with reference-to the accompanying drawings, Figure l of which is a side elevation, partly in sec tion, and Fig. 2an end elevation, (drawn to a larger scale,) of a dynamo-machine arranged according to our invention. Fig. 2 is a partial view in section on line as r, Fig. 1, and in elevation, looking in the direction of the arrow.- Fig. 2 is a diagramillustrating a modified arrangement for automatically completingthe circuitct-hroughthe accumulators to be charged when; the electrical machine attains or falls below ;the.normal speed. Fig. 3 is a diagram of a modified arrangement for reversing the commutator-brushes, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a plan for charging the fieldmagnet coils from the lamp-circuit and a system'of working with two sets of accumulators. Figs. 4 and 4 are plans of a switch arranged '45 for our system of distribution of currents.

Aocording to oneof our improvements, we effect the automatic reversal of the commutatorb rushes;of the dynamo or magneto electric machine in the reversal of the motion of the machine, according as the train is trav- 5o eling in one direction or the other, so that the collection and storing up of the electric energy will be effected under all circumstances. The commutators are arranged in two pairs, (marked P and P in Fig. 2,) carried by swing-frames, so that either the two marked P or the two marked P are in contact with the commutator, according to the direction in which the vehicle or train is running. For this purpose the axis of the commutator A carries a pulley, B, fixed thereto, round which pulley passes a gut, 2), whose one end is attached at 0 to a sleeve, 0, on the axis 1; of the upper commutator-brushes. This sleeve 0 has-an arm, D, projecting up from it, and

on this arm is a sliding piece, (I, to which the other end of the gut b is attached, the said piece (Z being pushed upward by a spring, (1

with a force sufticient to cause the gut Z) to be held tight round the pulley B, so that when the said pulley is rotated in one or the other direction it causes also the sleeve 0, with its arm D, to turn somewhatin one direction or the other. The arm D has its upper end cranked and pivoted to'a swinging rod, E, pivoted at its upper end by a pivot, e, and having a hook, 6 at its lower end, embracing a bar, f, on the upper swinging frame of the brushes, so that by the above-described movement of the sleeve 0 and its arm D in one or the other direction the swinging rod E is slid, with its hook 6*, to the one or the other end of the said bar f, so that if the said rod E be now lifted it will raise up the swinging frame of the brushes in one direction. or the other, thereby bringing the one or the other pair of brushes, P or P into contact with the commutator, the upper and lower swinging frames, G G, being connected together by a link, 9, so as to be made to move simultaneously. \Vhen not acted upon by the swinging rod E, the swinging frames G G are maintained in an intermediate position, as shown in Fig. 2, (in which all the brushes are out of contact with the commutator,) by means of a flat spring, h, bearing against a flat surface on the lower swinging assess frame. The making of contact of one or other of the pairsof brushes with the commutator A is, according to another. of our improvements, only made to take place after the fieldmagnet coils are charged. For this purpose, according to one arrangement, the armature- ,aXis of ,the magneto electric machine, by a band passing over thepulleys I J, drives a centrifugal governor, K, whose sleeve actu L-isfheldydown byea spring or weight, (a

spring'is shown ats,)-so"that the governor K can'onl-y begin to move'it when the armature of the magneto-electric machine has attained a certain speed. When the said lever Lbegins to move, it raises the lower sliding block, M, and this, through the helical spring 1", also raises the upper block, Q, thus raising the be fore-mentioned swinging-rod E, and thus tiltingI the-carrier G, and, through the rod g, also the carrier G so as-to bring either the pair of brushes. or rubbers P or the pair P into con- ;tactwith the commutator, as hereinbefore men'- tioned, so that the current flows to the storingbatteries in the proper direction, whichever way the train or vehicle may be traveling.

In place of a centrifugal governor being employed, the machine may be arranged to run on a short circuit, in which is an electromagnet so arranged that when the electro-mo- .tive force has increased beyond a certain limit the magnet will actuate a switch and throw the'batteries in; but the governor will be found the more convenient plan.

Thearrangement with the magnet is shown in Fig. 2", in which 5 is an electro-magnet, 7

a switch-lever which carries the armature 6 to the magnet 5, and 8 and 9 contact-plates connected, the former with a shortcircuiting branch or shunt, 10, the latter with the branch 11 including the batteries to be charged. The

. positivewire-12 from the electrical machine is connected-through the coils of magnet 5 with the switch-lever 7. In the position shown the machine discharges into the short circuit i l 0,=the attraction of magnet 6 being insuffi cient to overcome the force of the retractile and the contact for this, as also that for the charging-circuit to the secondary batteries, is only made after the commutator-brushes are brought into action, and after the machine has attained acertain speed. For this purpose the before-mentioned lever L carries at one point a contact-block, 25,. so-,arrang ed that whel the lever L, after havingjput -the ma netite the commutator, is raised still higher b'y'the governor K, consequent on a further increase of speed of the machine, it compresses ,thehelical spring 1" between the two sliding blocks M and Q, and at the same time brings the contactblock 15 first against contact-pieces, as at a, (see Figs. 1. and 2%) which connect up the circuit of the exciting-current for the field from the lamp-circuit, and thereafter against other contact-pieces, as at v-,gthat-connect up the charging-circuit from the'machine to the batteries. These contacts are n'iaintainedso-long as the normal speed of the magneto-electric machine is maintained. As soon as the-speed upon the commutatonaXis a' a metal beamQU,

(insulated from the said axis) to the opposite ends of which beam U are fixed sockets or holders V, insulated from the beam Uand carrying the brushes or rubbers WV, which in this case are made up ofrectangular pieces of sheetcopper, which are kept continuously against the commutator by springs to 10 in the sockets V. The beam U has spring-arms Z projecting from the back thereof between the prongs of the forked contact-pieces Z which'fornrthe 5 terminals of the branch derived'from the lampcircuit for exciting the dynamo. (See Fig. 4'.) When the armature is at rest or is revolving slowly, the beam U is held in mid-position by the flat spring h, which bears upon theflattened portion of a boss on the beam, so that the spring-arms Z are clear of both prongs, as shown,and the excitingcircuit is open. When, however, the friction becomes sufficient by rea- IIO son of rotation of the armature and commu until (the arms Z bending) it bringsthe arms X or X into contact with screws Y, according to the direction in'which the armature isre volving. The circuit of the accumulators to be charged is thus completed in the proper manner for charging, whichever way the armature may turn.

According to another improvement, (represented by Fig. 4,) we arrange a dynamo or magneto electric machine, 13, to operate in combination with two sets of accumulators, O and G and a circuit to lamps D, by means of a special commutator, A, having contacts so arranged that in one position of the said commutator it connects the dynamo or magneto machine ]3 with the one set of accummulators C or C so as to charge them, while at the same time it connects the other set of accumulators, which have been previously charged, with the lamp-circuit. Vhen this first-named set of accumulators have become charged and the last-named set are exhausted, the commutator A is turned so as to connect the magneto or dynamo machine B with the exhausted set and the lamp-circuit with the charged set. The commulator A has for this purpose, first, two contacts for the two poles of the chargingcircuit of the magneto or dynamo machine B;

' secondly, two contacts for each of the accumulators which are connected alternately with those of the magneto or dynamo machine B 5 and, thirdly, two contacts for the circuit of the lamps D, which are alternately connected with the two contacts of one or other of the sets of accumulators O or G The circuits can be readily traced from the diagram, Fig. 4, and the plan views, Figs. 4 and 4", of a switch arranged for our system of currents. The barrel has contacts A and B and contact springs C. The contact pieces A are of a length to extend from spring to spring of a pair, as shown in Fig. 4". The contactpieces B, on opposite sides, are connected metallically with each other, as shown at b, Fig. 4. The direction of the currents is shown by the dotted lines. In the position, Fig. 4, the current from the dynamo enters at 1, passes from 2 to the set of accumulators being charged, and then passes across 3 and 4 back to the dynamo. The current from the accumulators discharging passes in at 1, out at 2 to the lamps and field-magnets, and back through 3 and 4 to the accumulator. \Vhen second set of accumulators is exhausted and the first set charged, the barrel is turned to the position, Fig. 4", the current from the dynamo enters at 1 and passes at 1 to store the second set of accumulators, thence passing by 4 and 4 back to the dynamo. The current from the other set of accumulators previously charged passes in at 2, and out at 2 to the lamps and field-magnets, and then by 3 and 3 back to the accumulators. The exciting-current for the field of the generatinganachine is, as before, derived from the lamp-circuit. E is a switch by which the current to the lamp-circuit can be turned 011 or off.

Although we have described our improvements as specially applicable to electric lighting in railway-trains and other vehicles, yet it will be readily understood that the arrangements for regulating, for making and breaking contacts, and for distributing the currents are also applicable to other electrical purposes.

lVe claim 1. I11 apparatus for generating electricity from motive power appliedin different direc tions, distinct sets of commutator brushes or rubbers arranged upon swinging carriers, in combination with a swing-arm, E, which is brought into position to bring the one or the other set of brushes into contact with the comnmtator,accordingto the direction of rotation, substantially as hereinbefore described.

2. In apparatus for generating electricity from motive power applied in diii'erent directions, a governor acted upon from the revolving armature, so as to bring one or other of distinct sets of commutatorbrushes or rubbers into contact with the commutator to supply the current always in the proper direction, in whichever direction the motive power may be applied, substantially as hereinbefore described.

3. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine and acircuit supplied from a separate generator for exciting the field thereof, of a governor with contacts and connections for completing, successively as the speed of the armature rises, the said exciting-circuit and the circuit into which the dynamo discharges, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a dynamo-electric machine, a set of accumulators to be charged, conductors for connecting said accumulators in circuit with the dynamo, and a circuit snp plied from a separate generator for exciting the field, of a governor and contact-makers operated thereby for completing successively, as the speed of the dynamo rises, the said excitingcircuit and the circuit for charging the accumulators, substantially as described.

5. In apparatus for lighting by electricity, the dynamo electric machine, the lamps, a chargingcircuit including the armature of said machine, and a consumption-circuit including the lamps and the field of said machine, in combination with two sets of accumulators included, the one in the charging and the other in the consumption circuit, and a switch for changing the circuit-connections, so that each set is included alternately in the charging and consumption circuits, and while one set is charging the other is discharging, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a primary gencrater, two sets of accumulators, a chargingcircuit and a consumption-circuit, of a switch for connecting the accumulators at will in either circuit, said switch having separate contact-plates for the two poles of each circuit, and also of each set of accumulators, so that the circuits are kept independent at the switch, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the armature and connnutator, and devices for causing the current in the exterior circuit to flow in the same direction, whichever way the armature revolves, of a governor connected with and acting upon the aforesaid devices, for keeping open the said exterior circuit until the armature has acquired speed, substantially as described.

S. The combination, with the commutator and movable brushes therefor, of a governor connected with said brushes for bringing them into position to take off the current when the armature has attained a certain speed, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with the revolving armature and commutator, of the movable brushes or rubbers, means for conducting away the current from the brushes, and friction devices for controlling the position of the said brushes or rubbers, so that the current will be taken off in the same direction,whichever way the armature turns, substantially as described.

\VILLIAM STROUDLEY. EDXVARD JOHN HOUGHTON.

Vitn esses:

T. M. OoLLnT,

4 Gt. ll inchcsier St, London. CHARLES JAMES JONES, 47 Lincolns Inn Fields, London. 

